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Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg (29 September 1902 – 8 January 1962), was the eldest son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg.〔"Almanach de Gotha", ''Hohenberg'', (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1942), pp. 52, 440-441, (French).〕 Because his parents' marriage was morganatic, he was excluded from succession to the imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,〔 to which his father was heir presumptive, and to inheritance of any of his father's dynastic titles, income and properties, although not from the archduke's personal estate nor from his mother's property. ==Life== Maximilian was born with the lesser princely title and territorial designation ("von Hohenberg") accorded his mother at the time of her marriage and in 1905 shared, with his siblings, in her receipt of the style of ''Serene Highness''.〔 Although she had been raised from Princess (''Fürstin'') to Duchess in 1909 by Emperor Emperor Franz Joseph, because that title was accorded ''ad personam'', Maximilian did not inherit it upon her death. On 31 August 1917, however, Emperor Charles I granted him the dukedom on an hereditary basis, simultaneously raising his treatment from "Serene Highness" (''Durchlaucht'') to "Highness" (''Hoheit'').〔 Following the assassination of his parents in Sarajevo in 1914, which resulted in the outbreak of World War I, Prince Maximilian, his sister, Princess Sophie and their brother, Prince Ernst, were taken in by their maternal aunt and uncle, Prince and Princess Jaroslav von Thun und Hohenstein. In 1919, following the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, the new republic of Czechoslovakia expropriated Konopiště Castle, Maximilian's chief residence, and other family properties in the former Kingdom of Bohemia, and expelled the brothers to Austria. Subsequently they lived in Vienna and at Artstetten Castle in lower Austria.〔 Maximilian obtained a law degree from the University of Graz in 1926.〔 He managed the family properties and worked as a lawyer. In March 1938 Austria became part of the German Reich as a result of the ''Anschluss''. Having spoken out for the independence of Austria and against the ''Anschluss'', Maximilian and his brother were arrested by the ''Reich'' authorities and interned in Dachau concentration camp, where they were chiefly employed in cleaning the latrines. According to Leopold Figl (who served as Chancellor of Austria after World War II), they did so cheerfully, and maintained comradely relations with fellow prisoners. Maximilian was released after six months (Ernst was transferred to other concentration camps and released only in 1943) and was then compelled to stay at Artstetten Castle; the ''Reich'' authorities also expropriated the family's other properties in Austria. After the liberation of Austria in 1945 the residents of Artstetten elected Maximilian mayor, with the concurrence of the Soviet occupation authorities; he served two five-year terms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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